The critical role of adenine nucleotide translocase 4 (ANT4) in male reproductive function: insights from a mouse model

Abstract

Adenine nucleotide translocator 4 (ANT4) is an ATP/ADP transporter crucial for male fertility, yet its comprehensive role in reproductive function remains unclear. This study utilized ANT4 knockout mice to elucidate the effects of ANT4 deficiency on male reproduction. We observed that ANT4 deficiency led to infertility and impaired testicular development. Further investigation revealed significant alterations in testicular oxidative stress, autophagy, and inflammation. Specifically, ANT4 loss resulted in an imbalance between oxidation and antioxidants, affected autophagic flux and the AKT-AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, and increased pro-inflammatory factor expression. These findings underscore ANT4's importance in regulating oxidative stress, autophagy, and inflammation in testicular tissues, providing a nuanced understanding of its significance in testicular development and male fertility.